The education of school counselors (school counsellors) around the world varies greatly based on the laws and cultures of specific countries and the historical influences of their respective educational and credentialing systems and professional identities related to who delivers academic, career, college readiness, and personal/social information, advising, curriculum, and counseling and related services.[2].
In Canada, school counselors must be certified teachers with additional school counseling training.
In China, there is no national certification or licensure system for school counselors.
Korea requires school counselors in all middle and high schools.[64]
In the Philippines, school counselors must be licensed with a master's degree in counseling.[65]
Taiwan instituted school counselor licensure for public schools (2006) through advocacy from the [66]
In the USA, a school counselor is a certified educator with a master's degree in school counseling (usually from a Counselor Education graduate program)
with specific school counseling graduate training including unique qualifications and skills to address all students’ academic, career, college access and personal/social needs through developing, implementing, and evaluating a data-driven school counseling program that delivers measurable competencies and outcomes.
with specific school counseling graduate training including unique qualifications and skills to address all students’ academic, career, college access and personal/social needs through developing, implementing, and evaluating a data-driven school counseling program that delivers measurable competencies and outcomes.
About half of all Counselor Education programs that offer school counseling are accredited by the Council on the Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP) and all are in the USA with one in Canada and one under review in Mexico as of 2010. CACREP maintains a current list of accredited programs and programs in the accreditation process on their website [67]. CACREP desires to accredit more international counseling university programs [67].
According to CACREP, an accredited school counseling program offers specific coursework in Professional Identity and Ethics, Human Development, Counseling Theories, Group Work, Career Counseling, Multicultural/Diversity Counseling, Assessment, Research and Program Evaluation, and Clinical Coursework in a 100-hour practicum under the supervision of both a school counseling faculty member and a certified school counselor site supervisor (master's degree in school counseling or higher, and appropriate certification) and a 600-hour internship under the supervision of both a school counseling faculty member and a certified school counselor site supervisor (master's degree in school counseling or higher, and appropriate certification) (CACREP[68], 2001).
When CACREP released the 2009 Standards, the accreditation process became performance-based including evidence of school counselor candidate learning outcomes. In addition, CACREP greatly tightened the school counseling standards with specific evidence needed for how school counseling students receive education in foundations; counseling prevention and intervention; diversity and advocacy; assessment; research and evaluation; academic development; collaboration and consultation; and leadership in K-12 school counseling contexts.[69].
Certification practices for school counselors vary around the world. School Counselors in the USA may opt for national certification through two different boards. The National Board for Professional Teaching Standards (NBPTS) requires a two-to-three year process of performance based assessment, and demonstrate (in writing) content knowledge in human growth/development, diverse populations, school counseling programs, theories, data, and change and collaboration [70]. As of February, 2005, 30 states offer financial incentives for this certification.
Also based in the USA, The National Board for Certified Counselors (NBCC) requires passing the National Certified School Counselor Examination (NCSC), which includes 40 multiple choice questions and seven simulated cases which assess school counselors' abilities to make critical decisions on the spot. Additionally, a master's degree and three years of supervised experience are required. NBPTS also requires three years of experience, however a master's degree is not required, but only state certification (41 of 50 require a master's degree). At least four states offer financial incentives for the NCSC certification (McLeod[71], 2005). Both certifications have benefits and costs that a school counselor would want to consider for national certification[72]. NBCC has credentials counselors in the United States [73] and internationally [74] . For more information, see external links.
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